ōk̂ u -s

    ōk̂ ú -s

    English meaning: quick

    Deutsche Übersetzung: ‘schnell”

    Grammatical information: compar. ōk̂ i̯ ōs, superl. ōk̂ isto-

    Material: O.Ind. üś ú - “quick, fast”, compar. ǘśīyün, superl. ǘśiṣṭha-, Av. üsu- “quick, fast”, compar. üsyü̊ , superl. üsištō; Gk. ὠκύς, ὤκιστος, poet. ὠκύτατος, Lat. ōcior ‘schneller”, superl. ōcissimus (Positiv lacks), O.Welsh di-auc, Welsh di-og, Corn. di-oc, Bret. di-ec “idle”, actually “unschnell”; Maybe zero grade in Alb. (*assu-pedis) shpejt “ (*swift footed) quick, fast “ : Lat. acu-pedius ‘swift-footed” : zero grade Alb. perhaps in ablaut to ak̂-, ok̂- ‘sharp” (above S. 18 f.); then Lat. acu-pedius ‘swift-footed” and accipiter “ hawk, falcon” (above S. 19) could also belong here; [see Root pē̆ d-2, pō̆ d- : “foot, *genitalia”] maybe zero grade in rom. (*accipiter) şoim “hawk” [-p- > -m- phonetic mutation] : Alb. (*accipiter) skiptar “eagle man”, shqipe “eagle”, skifter “hawk, flying fast”, probably Illyr. *ük̂ú-pedios, *ük̂ú-(pe)-lios > Achilles ‘swift footed”.

    Note: Illyrian Albanian frequently abbreviated long IE root words. Hence the abbreviation of Proto- Gk. *ük̂ú-(pe)-lios > Achilles ‘swift footed” could have taken place only in IllyriO.N. The shift -d- > -l- is characteristic of Italic IllyriO.N. That means Greeks translated the Illyrian myth and the name of Achilles ‘swift footed”. Clearly Greeks translated wrongly the compound as Root ōk̂ ú -s English meaning: quick + Root pē̆ d-2, pō̆ d- : “foot”. While the true meaning was the compound of Root ak̂-, ok̂- (*hekʷ-) English meaning: ‘sharp; stone, edge, painful” + Root pē̆ d-2, pō̆ d- : “foot”. Hence the name of Achilles meant actually painful foot since his foot was vulnerable to a mortal wound. A cognate *ōk̂ -ro- (compare to forms *ak̂-ro- besides *ak̂-u-) is perhaps the base from Church Slavic jastrębъ “ hawk”.

    References: WP. I 172, WH. II 198.